Cooperación internacional para el desarrollo: Los casos de China, Japón y Corea del Sur
Keywords:
Sars-Cov2, ICD, international policySynopsis
The years 2020-2022, affected by the Sars-Cov2 virus pandemic, were a watershed moment for understanding various disciplines and their approaches. International Cooperation for Development (ICD), as a tool of international policy seeking to promote more balanced progress, was questioned in many ways, both as a paradigm and in its traditional practice. However, how can one survive without ICD? The constant threats to development and the ability of states to achieve sustainable development goals and fulfill the objectives of the 2030 Agenda have positioned ICD as an invaluable instrument to contribute to their attainment.
This work proposes the review and analysis of the activities of three donors: China, Japan, and South Korea—each with unique development characteristics and cooperation strategies. It provides an insight into the cooperative practices of these dynamic countries, understanding the context in which they initiated their donor practices and how they have progressed in institutionalizing their principles and strategies. China, Japan, and South Korea are the main actors in the Asia-Pacific region and have allocated significant sums not only to their own region but also to the growing needs of Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. Those interested in this subject will gain information about the trajectory of these donors and understand how they have contributed to the construction of development models based on their own experiences.
Chapters
-
Los planos de la cooperación de una China moderadamente próspera
-
La cooperación china en el contexto Covid-19: De la diplomacia de la mascarilla a la vacuna
-
Cambio climático, civilización ecológica y proyección internacional de China: Cooperación internacional al desarrollo y la promesa de transición hacia una economía baja en carbono
-
La cooperación internacional en el esquema de los sistemas de mayoría. El caso de China
-
De la asistencia a la cooperación para el desarrollo en Japón. Debate, instituciones y actores
-
Cooperación, participación y resistencia trasnacional: La sociedad civil japonesa en el caso ProSavana
-
Cooperación internacional, el caso de la República de Corea: Del receptor al donante
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Ang, Y.Y. (2022, 27 de octubre). An era has begun [Tweet]. https://twitter.com/yuenyuenang/status/1585706550013956099?t=T_mEFwhNsQaGVODW7Iotgg&s=19
Foro China-CELAC. (2021). República Popular China. En Gobierno de México. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/685494/CHINA__CELAC_JOINT_ACTION_PLAN_2022-2024.pdf
CIDCA. (s.f.). What we do [Gubernamental]. CIDCA. http://en.cidca.gov.cn/201808/01/c_259525.htm
Comité Central. (2017, 24 de octubre). Full text of resolution on CPC Central Committee report [Gubernamental]. The State Council. http://english.www.gov.cn/news/top_news/2017/10/24/content_281475919786014.htm
Consejo de Estado. (2011, abril). China's Foreign Aid (2011) [Gubernamental]. Consejo de Estado. http://english.www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2014/09/09/content_281474986284620.htm
Consejo de Estado. (2021, enero). Libro Blanco sobre "La cooperación internacional para el desarrollo de China en la nueva era" (texto completo)《新时代的中国国际发展合作》白皮书(全文) [Gubernamental]. http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/32832/Document/1696685/1696685.htm
Deguo Lianbang Zhengfu (德国联邦政府-Gobierno Federal). (2023). Deguo Lianbang Zhengfu de zhanlue (德国联邦政府的中国战略 - Estrategia del Gobierno Federal Alemán). Federal Foreign Of fice. https://www.auswaertigesamt.de/blob/2608580/49d50fecc479304c3da2e2079c55e106/china-strategie-en-data.pdf
Ertl, V., & Merkle. (2011, 14 de noviembre). China: A Developing Country as a Global Power? International Reports. https://www.kas.de/en/web/auslandsinformationen/artikel/detail//content/china-a-developing-country-as-a-global-power
Feng, Q. (2022, 31 de mayo). Will Indo-Pacific Economic Framework bring benefits or chaos? - Global Times [Gubernamental]. Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202205/1267083.shtml
FMPRC. (2022). High-Quality Belt and Road Cooperation: Partnership on Connectivity. Foreign Affairs Ministry. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjbxw/202112/P020211218394332617729.pdf
Gobierno Federal. (2023). Strategy on China of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany. Federal Foreign Office. https://www.auswaertigesamt.de/blob/2608580/49d50fecc479304c3da2e2079c55e106/chinastrategie-en-data.pdf
Haro Navejas, F.J. (2008). Beijing frente a las "minorías nacionales": La fe grande y las fes pequeñas. En R. Cornejo (Ed.), China: Radiografía de una potencia en ascenso. El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios de Asia y África. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3dnrbc.10
La Franja y La Ruta (一帶一路- yi dai yi lu) (2023, 4 de septiembre).https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/
Lin, J.Y., & Wang, Y. (2015). China's Contribution to Development Cooperation: Ideas, Opportunities and Finances. Fondation pour les Études et Recherches sur le Développement Internationa.
MOFA. (2022, 25 de junio). President Xi Jinping Chairs and Delivers Important Remarks at the High-level Dialogue on Global Development [Gubernamental]. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202206/t20220625_10709866.html
Morton, K. (2020). China's Global Governance Interactions. En D. Shambaugh (Ed.), China & the World (pp. 156-180). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062316.003.0008
Nye Jr., J.S. (2005). Soft Power: The Means To Success In World Politics. Public Affairs.
School of Marxism. (s.f.). World Congress on Marxism [Universidad]. World Congress on Marxism. http://wcm.pku.edu.cn/english/index.htm
Shambaugh, D. (2013). China Goes Global. The Partial Power. Oxford University Press.
State Council. (2019, 7 de octubre). White Paper: China and the World in the New Era [Gubernamental]. Embassy of the People ́s Republic of China in the Republic of Croatia. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cehr//eng/gdxw/t1705713.htm
China e Islas Salomón acuerdan controvertido pacto de seguridad. (2022, 31 de marzo). Deustche Welle. https://www.dw.com/es/china-e-islas-salom%C3%B3n-acuerdan-controvertido-pacto-de-seguridad/a-6131427132
Xi, J. (2023). Ley de relaciones exteriores de la República Popular China (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo duiwai guanxi fa 人民 共和国对外关系法). http://www.ssf.gov.cn/portal/rootfiles/2023/07/11/1690725537648594-1690725537672573.pdf
Xi, J. (2022, 23 de junio). Full Text: Remarks by Chinese President Xi Jinping at the 14th BRICS Summit [Medio gubernamental]. Xinhua. https://english.news.cn/20220623/d001e1a37c0f40a8acf0e77070b8c256/c.html
Xi, J. (2021). Speech at a Ceremony Marking the Centenary of the Communist Party of China. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/special/2021-07/01/c_1310038244.htm
Xi, J. (2015, 4 de diciembre). Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China at the United Nations Sustainable De velopment Summit [Gubernamental]. Embassy of the PRR in the Republic of Fiji. http://fj.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/topic/xjpjh/201512/t20151204_984446.htm
XX Congreso. (2022, 22 de octubre). Full text of resolution on Party Constitution amendment [Gubernamental]. State Council. http://english.www.gov.cn/news/topnews/202210/22/content_WS6353e0bbc6d0a757729e18c7.html
Yao, K., & Yew, L.T. (2022, 21 de abril). China's Xi proposes "global security initiative", without giving details [Agencia noticiosa]. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-xi-says-unilateral-sanctions-will-not-work-2022-04-21/
Yuan, J.D.; Su, F., & Ouyang, X.W. (2022). China's Evolving Approach to Foreign Aid (SIPRI Policy Paper 62). Stockholm International Peace Research. https://doi.org/10.55163/WTNJ4163
Yu, J., & Due, E. (2021). Mutual Learning in Development Cooperation: China and the West. IDS Bulletin, 52(2), Art. 2. https://doi.org/10.19088/1968-2021.118
Zhang D., & Hongbo, J. (2022, 22 de abril). The new Chinese aid agency after its first two years. Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre. https://devpolicy.org/the-new-chinese-aid-agency-after-its-first-two-years-20200422-2/
Zhao, S. (2020). China's Foreign Policy Making Process. Players and Institutions. En D. Shambaugh (Ed.), China & the World (p. 394). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062316.003.0005
Oxford University Press. Abdenur, A.E. (2014). China and the BRICS development bank: legitimacy and multilateralism in south-south cooperation. IDS Bulletin, 45(4), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-5436.12095
ASPI. (2022). Mapping China's Tech Giants. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/
Bräutigam, D. (2011). Aid 'with Chinese characteristics': Chinese foreign aid and development finance meet the OECD-DAC aid regime. Journal of international development, 23(5), 752-764. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1798
Bridge. (2022). China Covid-19 Vaccine Tracker. https://bridgebeijing.com/our-publications/our-publications-1/china-covid-19-vaccines-tracker/
Dickson, B.J. (2011). Updating the China model. The Washington Quarterly, 34(4), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2011.608335
Golden, S. (2015). El sueño chino de Xi Jinping. Anuario Internacional de CIDOB, 168.
Hendriks, J.; Liang, Y., & Zeng, B. (2010). China's emerging vaccine industry. Human vaccines, 6(7), 602-607. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.6.7.11933
Johns Hopkins University. (2022). Covid-19 Dashboard. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
Lanteigne, M. (2020). Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429437908
Legarda, H. (2020). The PLA's Mask Diplomacy. Merics. https://merics.org/en/tracker/plas-mask-diplomacy
León, R.I. (2022). México y China: 50 años de relaciones diplomáticas. Working Paper Series (WPS) de REDCAEM.
Li, X., & Worm, V. (2011). Building China's soft power for a peaceful rise. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 16(1), 69-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-010-9130-2
Liu, Z., & Dong, X. (2022, marzo). The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Community of Common Destiny for Mankind. In International Conference on Public Organization (ICONPO 2021) (pp. 193-197). Atlantis Press. 10.2991/aebmr.k.220209.025
Magaña, P. (2022). El poder suave de la cooperación internacional de China. Anuario Asia Pacífico El Colegio de México, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.24201/aap.2022.335
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República Popular China. (2020). Combatir Covid-19 mediante Solidaridad y Cooperación y Construir una Comunidad Global de Salud para Todos. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/wjdt/zyjh/202005/t20200518_910474.html
Modi, R. (Ed.). (2011). South-South Cooperation: Africa on the Centre Stage.Palgrave Macmillan https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230316812
Mulakala, A., & Ji, H. (2021) Insights on China's 2021 white paper on international development Cooperation. https://devpolicy.org/insights-on-chinas-2021-white-paper-on-international-development-coo-peration-20210125-2/
OCDE. (2020). The face mask global value chain in the Covid-19 outbreak: Evidence and policy lessons. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/the-face-mask-global-value-chain-in-the-Covid-19-outbreak-evidence-and-policy-lessons-a4df866d/
ONU. (2012). El modelo chino de éxito económico. https://www.un.org/es/desa/chinese-model-of-economic-success
Ray, R., & Simmons, B.A. (2020). Tracking China's Overseas Development Finance. https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2020/12/07/tracking-chinas-overseas-development-finance/
Ríos, X. (2005). Política exterior de China. La diplomacia de una potencia emergente. Bellaterra.
Ríos, X. (2017). China en la nueva coyuntura mundial. Viento Sur, 12.
Rudolf, M. (2021). China's health diplomacy during Covid-19: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in action. https://doi.org/10.1142/12321
Santader Trade. (2022). Cifras del comercio exterior en China. https://santandertrade.com/es/portal/analizar-mercados/china/presentacion-general
The Heritage Foundation. (2022). China Global Investment Tracker.https://www.aei.org/china-global-investment-tracker/
Vadell, J.; Lo Brutto, G., & Cunha Leite, A.C. (2020). The Chinese South-South development cooperation: an assessment of its structural transformation. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 63(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329202000201
Wong, B. (2020). China's Mask Diplomacy. Recuperado de: https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/chinas-mask-diplomacy/
Xinhua. (2020). Xi pide guerra global total contra Covid-19 en cumbre extraordinaria de G20. http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2020-03/27/c_138921060.htm
Zhang, D. (2018). The concept of 'community of common destiny 'in China's diplomacy: Meaning, motives and implications. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 5(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.231
Zhang, W. (2007). China: The New Global Model for Development. NPQ: New Perspectives Quarterly, 24(1), 12-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5842.2007.00858.x
AidData (2022). Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset, Version 2.0. https://china.aiddata.org/
American Enterprise Institute (AEI) (2022). China Global Investment Tracker. Washington: Heritage Foundation. https://www.aei.org/chinaglobal-investment-tracker/
Beeson, M. (2010). The coming of environmental authoritarianism. Environmental Politics, 19(2), 276-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010903576918
Belt and Road Initiative International Green Development Coalition (BRIGC) (2021). Green Development Guidance for BRI Projects Baseline Study. http://en.brigc.net/Reports/research_subject/202011/P020201129781791584286.pdf
Bräutigam, D. (2011). Aid with Chinese Characteristics: Chinese Foreign Aid and Development Finance Meet the OECD-DAC Aid Regime. Journal of International Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1798
Buckley, L. (2021). Engaging with China's ecological civilization. IIED. shorturl.at/VW347.
Carbon Brief (2021). Mapped: The world's coal power plant. https://www.carbonbrief.org/mapped-worlds-coal-power-plants/
Carvalho, P.H., & Amaral, T.G.N. (2022). O Sistema Fiscal E Tributário da
China: Um Olhar A Partir do Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA). Texto para Discussão 2778. https://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/11235/1/td_2778.pdf
Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA). Briefing: 12.8 GW of Chinese overseas coal projects cancelled, but 19 GW could still go ahead. shorturl.at/gkOS3
Chen, L; Ding, D., & Mano, R.C. (2018). China's Capacity Reduction Reform and Its Impact on Producer Prices. International Monetary Fund (IMF) Working Paper, 18/216. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484375914.001
Cheng, C. (2015). Official Development Finance with Chinese Characteristics: development cooperation between China and Africa. En C. Freeman (Ed.), Handbook on China and Developing Countries. Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782544210.00017
Chernilo, D. (2017). The question of the human in the Anthropocene debate. European Journal of Social Theory, 20, 44-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431016651874
China Public Private Partnerships Center (CPPPC) (2021). Budget Law of the People's Republic of China. https://bit.ly/3nVYCB6.
China Water Risk (2017). Who's Running Dry - Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. https://www.chinawaterrisk.org/the-big-picture/whos-running-dry/
Clark, A., & Zhang, W. (2022). Estimating the Employment and Fiscal Consequences of Thermal Coal Phase-Out in China. Energies, 15(3), https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030800
Delman, J. (2018). Ecological civilisation politics and governance in Hangzhou: new pathways to green urban development? Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, 16(17), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1557466018014663
Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2022). Country Analysis Executive Summary: China. https://www.eia.gov/international/content/analysis/countries_long/China/china.pdf
Gallagher, K.P., & Myers, M. (2021). China-Latin America Finance Database. Washington: Inter-American Dialogue. https://www.thedialogue.org/map_list/
Geall, S., & Ely, A. (2018). Narratives and pathways towards an ecological civilisation in contemporary China. China Quarterly, 236, 1175-1196. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741018001315
Geall, S. (2015). Interpreting Ecological Civilisation (part one). China Dialogue. shorturl.at/RT459.
Gilley, B. (2012). Authoritarian environmentalism and China's response to climate change. Environmental Politics, 21 (2), 287-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2012.651904
Global Policy Development Center (2022). China's Global Power Database. Boston University. https://www.bu.edu/gdp/
Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) (2020). GWEC releases Global Wind Turbine Supplier Ranking for 2020. shorturl.at/abeqS.
Gong, X.; Liu, Y., & Sun, T. (2020). Evaluating climate change governance using the "polity-policy-politics" framework: A comparative study of China and the United States. Sustainability, 12(16). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166403
Guan, T., & Delman, J. (2017). Energy policy design and China's local climate governance: energy efficiency and renewable energy policies in Hangzhou. Journal of Chinese Governance. https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2017.1284430
Hamilton, C. et al. (2022). Evaluating provincial-level employment challenge during the coal transition in China. Advances in Climate Change Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2022.08.006
Hamilton, C. (2021). Can China Have It All in a Coal Transition?: How the CCP Will Struggle to Balance Climate Reform With Labor Concerns. Columbia Political Review. http://www.cpreview.org/blog/2021/10/can-china-have-it-all-in-a-coal-transition-how-the-ccp-will-struggle-to-balance-climate-reform-with-labor-concerns.
Heilmann, S. (2017). China 's Political System. Rowman & Littlefield.
Hansen, M.; Li, H., & Svarverud, R. (2018). Ecological civilization: Interpreting the Chinese past, projecting the global future. Global Environmental Change, 53, 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.09.014
Hanson, A. (2019). Ecological Civilization in the People's Republic of China: Values, Action, and Future Needs. ADB East Asia Working Paper Series No. 21.shorturl.at/eLPS9.
Hart, A.C. (2019). From Paris to Beijing: Implementing the Paris Agreement in the People's Republic of China Report - Subnational climate policy processes. Social Determinants of Indigenous Health. doi:10.4324/9781003117247-11.
Huang, E. (2022). China: Taxes on corporate income. PWC. shorturl.at/ntvWY.
Jiang, Z. (2013). Promote ecological culture, endorse ecological civilization, build beautiful China. People's Daily.
Jinnah, S. (2017). Makers, Takers, Shakers, Shapers: Emerging Economies and Normative Engagement in Climate Governance. Global Governance, 23, 285-306. https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02302009
Kao, E. (2018). Air pollution is killing 1 million people and costing Chinese economy 267 billion yuan a year, research from CUHK shows. South China Morning Post. shorturl.at/fGKNV.
Larsen, M.L., & Oehler, L. (2022). Why China Funds Renewable Energy at Home, but Invests in Fossil Fuel Projects Overseas. China Brief, 22(8) doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2040409.
Lin, J., & Wang, Y. (2017). Going Beyond Aid: Development Cooperation for Structural Transformation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316597354
Liu, B. et al. (2020). The assessment of soil loss by water erosion in China. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 8(4), 430-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2020.07.002
Lo, K. (2015). How authoritarian is the environmental governance of China? Environmental Science & Policy, 54, 152-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.06.001
Luke, T.W. (2015). Political Critiques of the Anthropocene. Telos 172. https://doi.org/10.3817/0915172003
Ma, T. (2015). China's environment in 2015: a year in review. China Dialogue. shorturl.at/eIOXZ.
Marinelli, M. (2018). How to Build a "Beautiful China" in the Anthropocene. The Political Discourse and the Intellectual Debate on Ecological Civilization. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 23(3), 365-386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-018-9538-7
Mayer, B., & Rajavuori, M. (2017). The Contribution of State-Owned Enterprises to Climate Change Mitigation in China. Climate Law 7. https://doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00702002
Milani, C. (2023). Cooperación internacional al desarrollo: entre solidaridad e interés. El Colegio de México. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.14769784
Milani, C. (2022). Antropoceno como conceito e diagnóstico: implicações para o multilateralismo e na perspectiva do Brasil. CEBRI: policy paper series.
Milani, C. y Romero, M.E. (2021). Solidaridad e intereses en la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo: los casos de China y Japón en África. Foro Internacional, Vol. LXI, 4(246) octubre - diciembre, 2021, p. 837-880. https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v61i4.2870
Duarte, R., & Milani, C. (2021). Southern States in International Development Cooperation: From Contestation to Norm Conception. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, vol. 14, n. 4, 2021, pp. 506-529. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poab010
Mitchell, T. (2011). Carbon Democracy. Political Power in the Age of Oil. Verso.
Mthembu, P. (2023). China and India's Development Cooperation in Africa: The Rise of Southern Powers. Palgrave Macmillan.
Organization For Economic Co-Operation And Development (OECD) (2020). Official development assistance: definition and coverage, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/What-is-ODA.pdf.
People's Republic of China-Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) (2022).于印发《对外投资合作建设项目生态环境保护指南》的通知 [Notice on the Issuance of "Guidelines for the Ecological Environmental Protection of Foreign Investment Cooperation and Construction Projects"]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk05/202201/t20220110_966571.html.
People's Republic of China - Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) (2017). Constitution Of The Communist Party Of China. Revised and ad-opted at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on October 24, 2017. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceil/eng/zt/19thCPCNationalCongress/W020171120129543247718.pdf.
Pino, A.B. (2014). Evolução Histórica da Cooperação Sul-Sul. En A. Souza (Ed.), Repensando a Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento. IPEA.
National Energy Administration (NEA), 2019. Circular on 2022 risk and early warning for coal power planning and construction. https://chinaenergyportal.org/en/circular-on-2022-risk-and-early-warning-for-coal-power-planning-and-construction/?tpedit=1#.
Oswald, J. (2017). Environmental Governance in China: Creating Ecologically Civilised Environmental Subjects. [Tese de Doutorado em Filosofia em Estudos Asiáticos]. Universidade de Adelaide - Escola de Ciências Sociais.
Pan, Y. (2006). Perspectives on Ecological Harmony: Constructing Socialist Ecological Civilization. 21st Century Business Herald, 21.
Schmitt E.A. (2016). The Atmosphere of an Ecological Civilization: A Study of Ideology, Perception and Action in Chengdu, China. [Tese de Doutorado em Antropologia]. Universidade de Hong Kong.
Shen, W. (2016). Who drives China's renewable energy policies? Understanding the role of industrial corporations. Environmental Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2016.10.006
Sheng, C. (2020). Not just the state: The role of entrepreneurs in China's energy transition. Energy Research & Social Science, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101814
Souza, A.M. (2014). Repensando a Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA).
Springer, C.; Shi, D., & Kudrimoti, A. (2022). The Political Economy of Coal: the case of China. In M. Jakob & J. Steckel (Eds.), The Political Economy of Coal: obstacles to clean energy transitions. Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003044543-9
State Council. (2022). Report on the Work of the Government.
The People's Republic of China State Council. (2023). Full text: China's International Development Cooperation in the New Era. https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/whitepaper/202101/10/content_WS5ffa6bbbc6d0f72576943922.html
UNFCCC. (2015). Paris Agreement. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf.
Xinhua. (2015). 中共中央 国务院关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见 [Pareceres do Comitê Central do Partido Comunista da China e do Conselho de Estado sobre a Aceleração da Construção da Civilização Ecológica]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-05/05/content_2857363.htm.
Wingender, P. (2018). Intergovernmental Fiscal Reform in China. IMF Working Papers, 88. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484351109.001
Wong, C., & Bird, R.M. (2008). China's Fiscal System: a work in progress. En L. Brandt & T.G. Rawski (Eds.), China's Great Economic Transformation. Cambridge University Press, 429-466. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754234.013
World Bank. (2019). CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). China.shorturl.at/flptW
World Economic Forum. (2021). Fostering Effective Energy Transition. 2021 edition.shorturl.at/egLX6
You X. (2022). Analysis: What does China's coal push mean for its climate goals? Carbon Brief. shorturl.at/bNS23.
Zhang, S., & Speed, P.A. (2020). State versus market in China's low-carbon energy transition: An institutional perspective. Energy Research & Social Science, 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101503
Zhang, C.; Chang, K., & Zeng, H.Y. (2020). The influences of fiscal and credit policies on renewable energy enterprises' investment in China. Renewable Sustainable Energy, 13. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0036258
Ai, J. (5 de julio, 2022). Los universitarios se unen al Partido Comunista Chino para tener un trabajo seguro. Asianews. Recuperado de: https://www.asianews.it/noticias-es/Los-universitarios-se-unen-al-Partido-Comunista-Chino-para-tener-un-trabajo-seguro-56192.Html
Anguiano, E. (26 de octubre, 2022). China después del 20 congreso del partido comunista. [Conferencia]. Ciclo de Conferencias del CECHIMEX. México. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJQqz54AWME
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (septiembre, 2021). Plan de acción. [Última actualización]. https://www.apec.org/about-us/about-apec/history
Baumann, R. (2009). El comercio entre los países BRICS. CEPAL, Comisión Económica Para América Latina y el Caribe, Oficina en Brasil. LC/BRS/R.210. https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/publication/files/3166/LCbrsR210_es.pdf
Banco Mundial (s.f.). Datos China. https://datos.bancomundial.org/pais/china?view=chart
Comisión Europea (s.f.). Cometido del G20. https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/international/international-cooperation/international-organisations/g20_es
Dahl, R. (1996). La poliarquía. Participación y oposición. México: REI.
Dahl, R. (2004). La democracia.Postdata, (10): 11-55. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1851-96012004000100002&lng=es&tlng=es
Deutsch, K. (1998). Política y gobierno. FCE.
Duverger, M. (2012). Los partidos políticos. FCE.
Economist Intelligence (2022). Democracy Index 2021. The China challenge. https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2021/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=democracy-index-2021&gclid=CjwKCAiAjs2bBhACEiw
Huntington, S. (2005). El choque de civilizaciones y la reconfiguración del orden mundial. Paidós.
IDEA. (2019). El estado de la democracia en el mundo y en las Américas 2019. Confrontar los desafíos, revivir la promesa. https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/el-estado-de-la-democracia-en-el-mundo-y-en-las-americas-2019.pdf
IDEA. (2021). The Global State of Democracy Report 2021-Building Resilience in a Pandemic Era. https://idea.int/gsod/sites/default/files/2021-11/global-state-of-democracy-2021.pdf
Instituto Gallego de Analise e Documentación Internacional (4 de abril, 2017). China cree en los BRICS. Economía Exterior 80. https://www.igadi.gal/web/analiseopinion/china-cree-en-los-brics
Linz, J. (1978). Una interpretación de los regímenes autoritarios. Papeles: revista de Sociología, 8: 11-26. https://raco.cat/index.php/Papers/article/view/24674. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers/v8n0.987
Magaña, P. (2022). El poder suave de la cooperación internacional de China. En: Anuario Asia Pacífico 2022 (pp. 125). México: El Colegio de México. https://doi.org/10.24201/aap.2022.335
Maggiorelli, L. (2020). La cooperación internacional de China en el marco de la política de una sola China en América Latina y el Caribe. Revista Internacional de Cooperación y Desarrollo 7(2): 139-162. https://doi.org/10.21500/23825014.4849
Michener, G. (2018). Transparency as Leverage or Transparency as Monitoring? U.S. and Nordic Paradigms in Latin America. En: D.E. Pozen y M. Schudson (Eds), Troubling transparency: The history and future of freedom of information (pp. 269-290). Columbia University. https://doi.org/10.7312/poze18498-015
Morlino, L. (1995). Los autoritarismos. En: S. Bartolini et al., Manual de ciencia política (pp. 129-177). Alianza.
Nohlen, D. (1994). Sistemas electorales y partidos políticos. FCE.
O'Donnell, G. (2007). Hacia un Estado de y para la democracia. En: R. Mariani (coord.), Democracia/Estado/ciudadanía. Hacia un Estado de y para la democracia en América Latina. PNUD.
PNUD. (2022) Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano. https://report.hdr.undp.org/es/
Romano, S. et al. (21 de septiembre, 2022). Organización de Cooperación de Shangai (OCS). Centro Estratégico Latinoamericano de Geopolítica (CELAG), https://www.celag.org/organizacion-de-coopera-cion-de-shanghai-oc
Sartori, G. (1994). Partidos y sistema de partidos. Alianza.
The dialogue Leadership for the Americas (17 de febrero, 2022). Qué significa ser parte de la franja y la ruta de China? https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/que-significa-ser-parte-de-la-franja-y-la-ruta-de-china/
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China (SCIO). (2021a). China: Democracy That Works (White Paper). Beijing. http://english.scio.gov.cn/whitepapers/2021-12/04/content_77908921.htm
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China (SCIO). (2021b). China's International Development Cooperation in the New Era (White Paper). Beijing. https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/whitepaper/202101/10/content_WS5ffa6bbbc6d0f72576943922.Html
Wang, H. (17 de noviembre, 2021). Entendiendo China. [Conferencia]. 42 Aniversario de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad de Colima.
Wu, H. (2010). Treinta años de relaciones de China y México como socios estratégicos: Desarrollo económico y social. En: E. Dussel et al. (editores), Hacia un diálogo entre México y China. Dos y tres décadas de cambios socioeconómicos (pp. 9-37). México: Senado de la República. https://dusselpeters.com/CECHIMEX/libroHaciaunDialogo.pdf
Song, X. (2010). China en la reforma y el desarrollo. En: E. Dussel et al. (editores), Hacia un diálogo entre México y China. Dos y tres décadas de cambios socioeconómicos (pp. 63-76). México: Senado de la República. https://dusselpeters.com/CECHIMEX/libroHaciaunDialogo.pdf
Xi, J. (16 de octubre, 2022). Enarbolemos la gran bandera del socialismo con peculiaridades chinas en lucha unida por la construcción integral de un país socialista moderno. https://dusselpeters.com/CECHIMEX/20221026_CECHIMEX_Reporte_XX_Congreso_PCCh.pdf
Yoshimatsu, H. (1998). International Regimes, International Society, and Theoretical Relations. ICSEAD, Working Paper Series, Vol. 98-10. http://en.agi.or.jp/workingpapers/WP1998-10.pdf
Asian Development Bank Report (1968). Annual Report for 1967. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/32208/adb-ar-1967.pdf
Beaudry-Somcynsky, M. & Cook, C.M. (1999). Japan's System of Official Development Assistance. Canada: International Development Research Centre.
Data World Bank (2022). Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)-Japan. World Bank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=JP
Dreher, A.; Fuchs, A.; Parks, B.C.; Strange, A., & Tierney, M.J. (2021). Aid, China, and Growth: Evidence from a New Global Development Finance Dataset. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13(2): 135-174. https://www.aiddata.org/data/chinese-global-official-finance-dataset-version-1-0 https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180631
Hoshiro, H. (2022). Japan's Foreign Aid Policy: Has It Changed? Thirty Years of ODA Charters. Social Science Japan Journal, 25 (2): 297-329. https://doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyac010
JANIC. (2022). History. https://www.janic.org/en/about/history/
JANIC. (2022a). JANIC Member. https://www.janic.org/en/members/
JICA. (2008). Visión general de la nueva JICA. https://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/jica_archive/brochures/pdf/newjica_es.pdf
JICA. (s.f.). Perfil de la JICA. MOFA-JICA. https://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/brochures/pdf/jicaprofile_sp01.pdf
JICA. (s.f. a). Un puente de unión entre Japón y los países en vías de desarrollo. https://www.jica.go.jp/spanish/about/basic/oda.html
Kikuchi, T. (2007). Heart to Heart Relations with Asean. The Fukuda Doctrine Revisited. The Japan Institute of International Affairs Commentary No. 20. https://www.jiia.or.jp/en/ajiss_commentary/column-24.html
MOFA. (1994). Japan's ODA: Annual Report 1994. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/summary/1994/1.html#1
MOFA. (1998). Final Report of the Council on ODA Reforms for the 21st Century. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/reform/report21.html#11
MOFA. (2003). Review of Japan's Official Development Assistance Charter.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/reform/review0303.html
MOFA. (2020). Japan's aid policies to Covid-19 for developing countries. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100098665.pdf
Murashkin, N. (2021). Japan's development cooperation: from making amends to agenda-setting. Revista de Fomento Social, 76(2): 351-371. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/563a/57cc8650baf5e584b6bf74c885df9d524d44.pdf?_ga=2.187627688.1612770075.1666890028-871408241.1666890028
NSS. (2013). Japan National Security Strategy. Cabinet Secretariat. http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/siryou/131217anzenhoshou/nss-e.pdf
OCDE. (2011). Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation. Busan, Republic of Korea. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/54de7baa-en
ODA Charter (1992). Japan's ODA Charter. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/summary/1997/09.html
Olander, E. (2017). China is challenging the West's dominance in foreign aid. Medium Co. https://medium.com/@eolander/china-is-challeng-ing-the-wests-dominance-in-foreign-aid-5aced4101bd
Rix, A. (1980). Japan ́s Economic Aid: Policy-making and politics. New York: St. Martin ́s Press.
Romero, M.E., & Uscanga, C. (mayo-agosto, 2016). Japón: ¿Asegurando la cooperación o cooperando para su seguridad? México y la Cuenca del Pacífico, 5(14). Universidad de Guadalajara. https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v5i14.506
Sasakawa Peace Foundation (SPF). (2022). The Sasakawa Peace Foundation Mision Statement. https://www.spf.org/en/about/
Sawada, Y. (s.f.). On the Role of Official Development Assistance in Facilitating Growth and Reducing Poverty: Views from Japan and East Asia. JICA Research Institute Research Institute of Economy, Trade, and Industry (RIETI). https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/events/10101201/pdf/3-1_Sawada_paper_en.pdf
Takagi, S. (1995). From recipient to donor: Japan ́s official aid flows, 1945 to1990 and beyond. Essays in International Finance, University of Princeton. https://ies.princeton.edu/pdf/E196.pdf
Toyota Foundation (2022). Prospectus and History. Toyota Foundation. https://www.toyotafound.or.jp/english/profile/history.html
Tsunekaba, K. (2014). Objectives and Institutions for Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA): Evolution and Challenges. JICA Research Institute Working Paper, No. 66. https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/publication/workingpaper/jrft3q000000255f-att/JICA-RI_WP_No.66_2014.pdf.pdf
Yoshioka, Sh., & Kawasaki, H. (2016). Japan's High-Growth Postwar Period: The Role of Economic Plans. ESRI Research Note, No. 27. Economic and Social Research Institute Cabinet Office, Tokyo, Japan. https://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/esri/archive/e_rnote/e_rnote030/e_rnote027.pdf
Aguiar, D., & Pacheco, M. (2016). The South-South Cooperation of the peoples of Brazil and Mozambique. FASE.
Anheier, H.; Lang, M., & Toepler, S. (2019). Civil society in times of change: Shrinking, changing and expanding spaces and the need for new regulatory approaches. Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 13(8): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-8
Chiavacci, D., & Grano, S. (2020). A New Era of Civil Society and State in East Asian Democracies. En: D. Chiavacci, S. Grano & J. Obinger (Eds), Civil Society and the State in Democratic East Asia: Between Entanglement and Contention in Post High Growth (pp. 9-30). Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdvjk.3
Ekman S., & Macamo, C. (2014). Brazilian Development Cooperation in Agriculture: A Scoping Study on ProSavana in Mozambique, with Implications for Forests. Working Paper 138. CIFOR.
Fowler, A. (2011). Development of NGOs. En: M. Edwards (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of Civil Society (pp. 42-54). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398571.003.0004
Funada, S. (2013). Analysis of the discourse and background of the ProSAVANA programme in Mozambique - focusing on Japan's role. farmlandgrab.org
Funada, S. (2016). ProSAVANA's Communication Strategy and its Impact: An Analysis of JICA's Disclosed and Leaked Documents. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337294041_ProSAVANA%27s_Communication_Strategy_and_its_Impact_An_Analysis_of_JICA%27s_Disclosed_and_Leaked_Documents
Funada, S. (2019). The Rise and Fall of ProSAVANA: from Triangular Cooperation to Bilateral Cooperation in Counter-resistance. Observador Rural, No. 82. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337717611_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_ProSAVANA_from_Triangular_Cooperation_to_Bilateral_Cooperation_in_Counter-resistance
Hirata, K. (2002). Civil society in Japan. The Growing Role of NGOs in Tokyo's Aid and Development Policy. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230109162_2
Hirono, R., & Shimosawa, T. (2020). Evaluation of Grant Assistance for Japanese NGO Projects- GANP. International Development Center of Japan Inc. https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/evaluation/FY2019/pdfs/ngo-projects.pdf
Justiça Ambiental! (2013). Joint Statement Leaked copy of the Master Plan for the ProSAVANA programme in Northern Mozambique confirms the worst. https://grain.org/article/entries/4703-leaked-prosavana-master-plan-confirms-worst-fears
Keck, M., & Sikkink, K. (2014). Activist beyond borders. Advocacy networks in international politics. Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/9780801471292
MOFA. (2023). White Paper on Development Cooperation 2021. https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/page22e_001039.html
No to ProSavana Campaign. (2017). No to ProSavana campaign: Peoples' declaration. https://www.farmlandgrab.org/27603
No to ProSavana Campaign (2018). Tokyo Declaration: We reiterate the rejection of ProSavana and MATOPIBA and defend the food sovereignty of the peoples. https://www.farmlandgrab.org/post/view/28608-tokyo-declaration-we-reiterate-the-rejection-of-prosavana-and-matopiba-and-defend-the-food-sovereignty-of-the-peoples
Perin, V.P. (2020). The speed of the political is not that of the scientific: on the time of development in an agricultural technology transfer program1. VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology, 17. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412020v17a356
Román-Alcalá, K. (2015). The role of Japan in Overseas Agricultural Investment: Case of ProSAVANA project in Mozambique. Thailandia: BICAS, MOSAIC Research Project, LDPI, RCSD Chiang Mai University y Transnational Institute. https://www.eur.nl/sites/corporate/files/CMCP_82-Okada.pdf
Sánchez, G. (2016). Sociedad civil y cooperación internacional. En: E. Ponce, S. Lucatello y R. Velázquez (Coords.), Teoría y práctica de la Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo. Una perspectiva desde México (pp. 197-211). Centro de Gestión y Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (CGCID); Asociación Mexicana de Estudios Internacionales (AMEI); Red Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional y Desarrollo (REMECID).
Schwartz, F. (2002). Civil Society in Japan Reconsidered. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 3(2): 195-215. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1468109902002037
Shipton, L., & Dauvergne, P. (2021). The Politics of Transnational Advocacy Against Chinese, Indian, and Brazilian Extractive Projects in the Global South. The Journal of Environment & Development, 30(3): 240-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/10704965211019083
UNAC. (2012). UNAC Statement on the ProSavana Programme. https://web.ua.es/es/giecryal/documentos/unac.pdf
UNAC et al. (2013). Open Letter from Mozambican civil society organisations and movements to the presidents of Mozambique and Brazil and the Prime Minister of Japan. https://www.farmlandgrab.org/22150
UNAC. (2014). The Nampula Declaration. https://www.farmlandgrab.org/post/view/23474-unac-s-nampula-declaration
UNAC. (2014b). No to ProSavana! Launch of national campaign. https://www.farmlandgrab.org/23577
Via Campesina (2014). Mozambique: Civil society organizations decided to globalize the 'No to ProSavana' campaign and promise to give legal responsibility to perperators. https://www.farmlandgrab.org/23758
Korea Development Institute. (s.f. a). Estadística de AOD. https://epts.kdi.re.kr/foreign/oda
Korea Development Institute. (s.f. b). Perfil de la AOD bilateral y multilateral. https://epts.kdi.re.kr/foreign/oda/view?AID_TYPE=A&NUM=1904
Korea Development Institute. (s.f. c). Estado de ODA por el tipo de fondo. https://epts.kdi.re.kr/foreign/oda/view?AID_TYPE=A&NUM=1905
Korea Development Institute. (s.f. d). Estado de los suministros de ayuda a través de GARIOA:1945-1948. https://epts.kdi.re.kr/foreign/oda/view?AID_TYPE=B&NUM=1891
Korea Development Institute. (s.f. e) Estado de introducción de los materiales de ayuda civil de UN CRIK: 1950-1956. https://epts.kdi.re.kr/foreign/oda/view?AID_TYPE=B&NUM=1884
Korea Development Institute. (s.f. f). Situación de los excedentes de productos agrícolas introducidos con la ayuda del PL480 (1956-1971). https://epts.kdi.re.kr/foreign/oda/view?AID_TYPE=B&NUM=1885
Korea Development Institute. (s.f. g). Estado de introducción de fondos de asistencia técnica por sector. https://epts.kdi.re.kr/foreign/oda/view?AID_TYPE=C&NUM=1879
Korea Development Institute. (s.f. h). Ayuda de la Peace Corps. De EE.UU. 1965-1981. https://epts.kdi.re.kr/foreign/oda/view?AID_TYPE=D&NUM=1860
Korea Development Institute. (s.f. i). Tamaño de la AOD por agencias nacionales de 1945 a 1999 total. https://epts.kdi.re.kr/foreign/oda/view?AID_TYPE=A&NUM=1903
Korea Official Development Assistance (s.f. a). Korea as Aid Recipient. https://www.odakorea.go.kr/ODAPage_2022/eng/cate02/L03_S01_01.jsp
Korea Official Development Assistance. (s.f. b). Estado de AOD por país. https://www.oda.go.kr/opo/favorites/region/detail.ao
Korea Official Development Assistance (s.f. c). ODA donation by country. https://www.odakorea.go.kr/countryProfile?ctryCode=NPL
Korea Official Development Assistance (s.f. d). Korea's ODA flows: Latest trends. https://www.odakorea.go.kr/ODAPage_2022/eng/cate02/L04_S01_01.jsp
Korea Official Development Assistance. (s.f. e). Tasa de crecimiento de promedio anual de aportación de la AOD de los países miembros de CAD de la OCDE. https://www.odakorea.go.kr/ODAPage_2022/category02/L03_S03_01.jsp
National Archives of Korea (s.f. a). Recibir la ayuda internacional: Antes y después del establecimiento del gobierno de la República de Corea y en el período de la Guerra de Corea. https://theme.archives.go.kr/next/photo/supplies01List.do
National Archives of Korea. (s.f. b). La historia de Centro Médico Nacional. https://theme.archives.go.kr/next/koreaOfRecord/centerHospital.do
National Institute of Korean History (s.f.). Ayuda civil durante la guerra de Corea. https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?levelId=fs_007_0020_0070_0020_0020
Suh, Joong-Hae et al. (2022). Korea as aid recipient: Historical records and lessons learned. National Research Council for Economics and Humanities and Social Sciences.
The Korean Law Information Center (s.f.). Artículo 1 de la Ley de la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional de Corea. https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/eng/engLsSc.do?menuId=2§ion=lawNm&query=international+cooperation+korea&x=0&y=0#liBgcolor0
Yoon, Sung-Min (2019). Activities of Peace Corps in Korea and its Implications. Tesis de maestría. Universidad Nacional de Seúl.
Downloads
Published
January 1, 2024
Series
Categories
Copyright (c) 2024 María Elena Romero Ortiz (Coordinador de obra)
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Details about the available publication format: PDF Complete
PDF Complete
ISBN-13 (15)
9786078814985
How to Cite
Romero Ortiz , M. E., Sánchez Milani, C. R., & León de la Rosa, R. I. (2024). Cooperación internacional para el desarrollo: Los casos de China, Japón y Corea del Sur. Universidad de Colima. https://doi.org/10.53897/LI.2024.0001.UCOL
